Article analyze Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Article analyze - Assignment Example It was during this same year that he was sent on a diplomatic mission to the court of Sultan Suleiman the magnificent to iron out the tension and creases that were erupting between the Sultan and Ferdinand of Habsburg. Busbecq served as the ambassador the court of the Sultan from the year 1555 to 1562. In these years, Busbecq wrote four letters in Latin to his fellow diplomat at Habsburg in which wrote complete details of his travels and his stay at the Ottoman Empire. His letter was highly important because he highlighted the Janissaries. The letters of Busbecq are important because it highlights the goodness and strength of the Ottoman Empire and the sturdiness of the Janissaries in comparison to the Christian soldiers. During his stay at the Sultan’s court, Busbecq fist met the Janissaries at Buda. The Janissaries were essentially the infantry portion of the royal guard of Sultan. These guards were stationed everywhere according to Busbecq to maintain peace and order throughout the cities. Further, he listed in his chronicles that this infantry also provided protection to the Christians and the Jews from the attacks of other races at all points of time. In his letters, Busbecq first described the attires of the Janissaries. He described those wearing robes that reached down to their ankles. Further, their heads were covered by cowl like headgears that flapped along their necks. On Busbecq’s first encounter with them in Paris, he was filled with awe. This was because he had never met soldiers so well disciplined and such courteous like them. He even described their incident of courteousness in his letter in which he recounts that in Paris the infantry had come up to him. He remembers their sense of etiquette in which the soldiers had given him flowers in his hand and had receded back quickly without showing their backs to him. Busbecq was highly amused with such gesture because he

US Policy to Achieve Internal and External Balance Essay Example for Free

US Policy to Achieve Internal and External Balance Essay The United States has been suffering recently from recessionary pressures which have decreased economic activity in the country while increasing concern amongst the population about the lack of supportive economic policies that can support the country to survive through the recession times. In the recent months the country has seen its mortgage and housing market fail dramatically due to bad management and selling of mortgages to the sub prime market. Similarly in early 2009 the country also saw the major banks go bankrupt which sent a major blow to the capital and financial markets further weakening the economy of the United States. As a result the nation now required an economic policy enables an internal and external balance while providing more control on the economy. US Economic Policy The economy normally behaves in a cyclical fashion with booms and expansions depicted by high GDP growth, higher level of disposable incomes for the people, low levels of unemployment, low levels of poverty and increased spending by the consumer. The recessions and contractions in the economy on the other hand are characterized by the low or stunted GDP growth, low levels of disposable income for the people, high levels of unemployment, as well as decreased consumer spending which is brought on by the lower disposable incomes available to the public. The US economy currently is in the recessionary phase as the disposable incomes for the public have significantly increased while there is an increased level of unemployment in the country. Similarly the growth in the economy has also slowed down considerably which is adding to the snowball effect leading to low levels of consumer spending and therefore economic growth. The current balance of payments position of the United States is such that the country is facing both ups and downs. In the short term however the United States is reporting a deficit based position in its balance of payments. â€Å"This deficit was above 57 billion dollars in February 2007 which scaled up to 63. 9 billion dollars in March07 which has again decreased to $58. 5 billion in April2007. Trade deficit increases when import exceeds export and vice versa. † (‘American Economy Recent Trends’, 2008) Similarly when it comes to international institutions and international relations, the country is facing high level of competition form countries like India and China that are depicting high levels of economic growth despite the global recessionary environment. US Economic Policy Propositions The internal and external balance is are managed through the Keynesian model which incorporates consumption as a function of the disposable income and the current account is associated with the real exchange rate (Reinert et al. , 2009). The internal balance and equilibrium in the product market is achieved when the economy is facing full employment levels and stable prices in the market. However shifts in the internal balance can occur when the unemployment occurs or inflation occurs in the market with increasing prices indices. In the money market internal equilibrium is achieved the internal balance can be adjusted through interest rates and the supply of money in the market. As a result the in order to improve the internal balance, the United States economic policy needs to focus on improving the consumption in the nation which needs to be supported by increased disposable income and opportunities for employment for the public. The increased employment will result in higher disposable income available to the public which can in turn be used in consumer spending to generate more economic activity and positive GDP results. The external equilibrium in an economy can be achieved when the balance of payments position is in equilibrium in the economy. A positive relationship is required between the government expenditure and interest rate for an external balance position in the equilibrium. The US economic policy should focus on improving the current account balance in order to have positive effects on the external balance. The current account balance for the United States can be improved through increasing the exports of the nation, particularly those of the much needed commodities like wheat and copper, introducing protectionist measures for trade, as well as constantly accessing and revaluating the exchange rate for a beneficial balance of payments position. Similarly the capital account balance also needs to be supported through inflows particularly in the form of investment in the regional businesses by international institutions. Expenditure switching policy is used to attain a positive balance between domestic expenditure and foreign expenditure, particularly in terms of the balance of payments of a country. This is a macroeconomic policy which can help an economy attain its internal and external balances. More over â€Å"nominal exchange rate changes can lead to expenditure switching when they change relative international prices† (Engel, 2002). The US economy can improve its internal and external balance position by manipulating the demand for the domestic and the foreign products through changes in the exchange rate of the country. In order to achieve both the internal balance as well as the external balance positions simultaneously through policy moves, the US government can value the dollar at a real exchange rate that reflects the real demand of the domestic products and the demand that exists for the imports in the region. This can be favorable for the balance of payments position for the United States. The expenditure changing policy is also one of the economic policies that are used to attain an internal and the external balance for an economy. The expenditure changing policy involves fiscal and monetary policies which have the aim of making the domestic expenditure equal to the production level in the economy. The policy for the US economy that can be employed to support the aim in the present times can be to improve the level of investment in the job market to increase the level of employment which can increase economic activity and production in the economy. Similarly the increase in the employment also results in increased disposable income which therefore increases the consumer expenditure in the market. However in order to retain this expenditure for the domestic market only, regional businesses need to be promoted to increase domestic trade. The current account position for the United States can also be improved by implementing measures that focus ion the transaction in the current account. Direct controls can be employed on the transactions and elements in the current account (Bergsten, 1996). The domestic expenditures need to be improved for the economy by reducing them while the direct controls in terms of import surcharges, and taxes on imports can improve the revenue level in the current account through foreign trade. Subsidies provided to local businesses and sectors with high demand of export for their products and services can also take the form of direct controls which improve the current account statistics for the United States. The international institutions that are being faced by the United States in the recent years pertain to other economies like those of China, India, Singapore and those of countries in Latin America. These countries have large levels of population, which combined with the developing nature of the economy and the increased economic activity are showing increasing levels of GDP growth. These international institutions are therefore stabilizing their external balance and balance of payments positions which can be seen form their developing positive exchange rate. Moreover other countries are also observing growth and developmental opportunities in these economies and therefore are investing in operations in the above mentioned countries to support their own economic activity. The United States can develop international relations with these economies too enable an exchange and flow of ideas, trade, business and human resource that can support the local economic activity and growth of the United States by bringing new businesses, products and services as well as revenue form exports into the region. Conclusion The United States can improve its current economic status by attaining a positive position for its internal and external balances. Strategies and policies that impact the balance of payments position for the country can be employed which can take the form of expenditure switching policies, the expenditure changing policies and direct controls. These policies are highlighted in terms of how they can improve reduce domestic expenditure while also increasing the exports of the US and increasing the revenue and economic inflow from the imports of the country. References (2008), American Economy Recent Trends, Economy Watch, retrieved July 6, 2009 from http://www. economywatch. com/us-economy. html Bergsten, C.F. , (1996), Dilemmas of the dollar: the economics and politics of United States international monetary policy, 2nd Ed. , M. E. Sharpe Bergsten, C. F. , (2005), The United States and the World Economy: Foreign Economic Policy for the Next Decade Engel, C. M. , (2002), Expenditure Switching and Exchange Rate Policy, NBER Working Paper No. W9016, retrieved July 6, 2009 from http://papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=316795 Reinert, K. A. , Rajan, R. S. , Glass, A. J. , Davis, L. S. , (2009), The Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy, Princeton University Press

cell theory :: essays research papers

Cell Theory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cell Theory states that all organisms are composed of similar units of organization, called cells. The concept was formally articulated in 1839 by Schleiden and Schwann and has remained as the foundation of modern biology.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Formulation of the cell theory In 1838 Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden were talking about their studies on cells. It has been suggested that when Schwann heard Schleiden describe plant cells with nuclei, he was stuck by the similarity of these plant cells to cells he had observed in animal tissues. The two published his book on animal and plant cells the next year. Schwann summarized his observations into three conclusions about cells. 1. The cell is the unit of structure, physiology, and organization in living things. 2. The cell retains a dual existence as a distinct entity and building block in the construction of organisms. 3. Cells form by free-cell formation, similar to the formation of crystals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We know today that the first two tenets are right, but the third is wrong. The cell theory include: 1. All known living things are made up of cells. 2. The cell is structural and functional unit of all living things. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division. 4. Cells contains hereditary information whish is passed from cell to cell during cell division. 5. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition. 6. All energy flow of life occurs within cells.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With any theory, its tenets are based upon previous observations and facts. The cell theory is no different being founded upon the observations of many. For the first 150 years, the cell theory was just a structural idea. This stuctural view whish is found in most text books describes the components of a cell and their fate in cell reproduction.

Fraud Invalidates a Contract

Week Four Assignment By: Kelly Sciberras November 25, 2012 DeVry University Business Law – BUSN420 ? Week Four Assignment As our textbook explains fraud invalidates a contract. â€Å"The presence of fraud affects the authenticity of the innocent party’s consent to a contract. When an innocent party is fraudulently induced to enter into a contract, the contract usually can be avoided because she or he has not voluntarily consented to the terms. Normally, the innocent party can either cancel the contract and be restored to her or his original position or enforce the contract and seek damages for harms resulting from the fraud (Miller 281). Generally, fraudulent misrepresentation refers only to misrepresentation that is consciously false and is intended to mislead another. Typically, fraud involves three elements; a misrepresentation of a material fact must occur, secondly there must be intent to deceive, and lastly the innocent party must justifiably rely on the misrepre sentation. To collect damages, a party must have been harmed as a result of the misrepresentation. Fraudulent misrepresentation can also occur in the online environment.Undue Influence and Duress Undue influence arises from relationships in which one party can greatly influence another party, thus overcoming that party’s free will. A contract entered into under excessive or undue influence lacks voluntary consent and is therefore voidable. The essential feature of undue influence is that the party being taken advantage of does not, in reality, exercise free will in entering into a contract. It is not enough that a person is elderly or suffers from some mental or physical impairment.There must be clear and convincing evidence that the person did not act out of her or his free will Miller explains. Forcing a party to enter into a contract because of the fear created by threats is referred to as duress. In addition, blackmail or extortion to induce consent to a contract constitu tes duress. Generally, for duress to occur, the threatened act must be wrongful or illegal. Threatening to exercise a legal right, such as the right to sue someone, ordinarily is not illegal and usually does not constitute duress.Duress is both a defense to the enforcement of a contract and a ground for rescission of a contract. Therefore, a party who signs a contract under duress can choose to carry out the contract or to avoid the entire transaction. (The wronged party usually has this choice in cases in which consent is not voluntary. ) Economic need generally is not sufficient to constitute duress, even when one party exacts a very high price for an item the other party needs. If the party exacting the price also creates the need, however, economic duress may be found (Miller 286-287).Examples of undue influence and duress can been seen in various types of relationships in which one party may dominate another party, thus unfairly influencing him or her. Minors and elderly people , for example, are often under the influence of guardians. If a guardian induces a young or elderly ward to enter into a contract that benefits the guardian, the guardian may have exerted undue influence. Undue influence can arise from a number of confidential or fiduciary relationships, including attorney-client, physician-patient, guardian-ward, parent-child, husband-wife, and trustee-beneficiary (Miller 286).Damages and Equitable Remedies There are basically four broad categories of damages; compensatory damages which are intended to cover direct losses and costs, consequential damages which cover indirect and foreseeable losses, punitive damages are supposed to punish and deter wrongdoing, and nominal damages which recognize wrongdoing when no monetary loss is shown (Miller 323). Our textbook discusses how there are times when damages are an inadequate remedy for a breach of contract.In these situations, the non-breaching party may ask the court for an equitable remedy. Equitabl e remedies include rescission and restitution, specific performance, and reformation. Restitution is an equitable remedy under which a person is restored to his or her original position prior to loss or injury, or placed in the position he or she would have been in had the breach not occurred. Specific Performance is an equitable remedy requiring exactly the performance that was specified in a contract; usually granted only when monetary damages would be an inadequate emedy and the subject matter of the contract is unique (for example, real property). Reformation is an equitable remedy used when the parties have imperfectly expressed their agreement in writing. Reformation allows a court to rewrite the contract to reflect the parties’ true intentions. Courts order reformation most often when fraud or mutual mistake is present. ? References Miller, Jentz. Business Law Today: Comprehensive, 9th Edition. South Western Educational Publishing, 01/2011. .

Butterfly corp Essay

1. Prioritizing the issues that Butterfly needs to deal with are, that in Puerto Rico suppliers mistreat their workers, retailers in some countries were diluting the products and selling them as full strength, some plant employees were suffering pay cuts while others were not. Employees that have worked at Butterfly for many years were having their hours cut to 36-hour workweeks, losing their full-time benefits. There are also political alliances being formed among marketing, finance, manufacturing, and corporate headquarters. Each plant operates as an independent profit-making entity. Butterfly’s workers tended to be women; children were being left to fend for themselves. In some Latin American countries, husbands were angry because their wives earned more than they did, corporate people at Butterfly are mostly men. I think implementing an ethics program can address these issues by showing all suppliers, employees, even the corporate heads that this company stands for what is right, and they want to bring the company back to core values and good ethics. I believe for the most part all these issues that Butterfly is suffering are all ethical issues. If everyone in the company, even foreign companies, know that there will be a new ethics committee and that every company will be expected to follow this set of ethical guidelines, will help get this company back on track. Either the companies will follow the new set of ethical guidelines or be penalized, or they may want to close down. Unfortunately, it is more difficult to control foreign companies because our ethics in the United States are completely different. 2. I think that the new ethics committee should have a wide array of people. I think it should have a representative from each continent that has a Butterfly, both men and woman with different areas of expertise. I think the committee’s first steps toward implementing an effective ethics program should be to communicate these new ethical standards. Explain why they are needed and how the company will implement them. Then put a high-level employee in to oversee all aspects of the new ethics program. All companies need to educate and train all employees about the new program. The new ethics program needs to be monitored and there needs to be reporting of all aspects, if something is found, there needs to be proper discipline. I think that there needs to be a way for all employees to respond to any changes being made and let supervisors know. 3. Yes, I believe that the new ethics committee should commission an ethics audit. How would they know if  all the companies are conforming to the new ethical program without doing an audit? This will also show them if the others can conform to new ethical standards and if more discipline needs to be implemented. Should the new ethics committee commission an ethics audit? If yes, when should the audit be conducted? If no, why not

A People’s History of the United States essay

A People’s History of the United States essay A People’s History of the United States essay A People’s History of the United States essayFirst of all, I would like to state my viewpoint on what I have learnt about the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. It has surely been a great discovery and a turning point in the history of the United States. I should admit that during the course I had learnt a number of things that I was not aware of before. The most impressive for me was to learn about the treatment of native population of America by the Spaniards. Howard Zinn stated that, â€Å"in the year 1495, they went on a great slave raid, rounded up fifteen hundred Arawak men, women, and children, put them in pens guarded by Spaniards and dogs, then picked the five hundred best specimens to load onto ships† (6). In fact, it was so frustrating to learn how evil and bloody the treatment of the native people of the New World by Spaniards was. I wonder if these were the first signs of slavery that would later become customary for the South of America. Was all this for the sake of gold, treasures and prosperity? It seems like it was indeed so. Zinn writes, â€Å"many slaves died in captivity† (6). I was really surprised to learn how great the number of the slaves who died for nothing was. So I think that although Spaniards wanted to bring Christian religion to the New World, they failed to follow the basic principles of the Bible.I was also so much surprised of what I learnt during this semester about slave marriages. I think not many people nowadays know â€Å"how high was the incidence of marriage among slave men and women, and how stable these marriages were† (Zinn 161). What I’ve learnt is that slave marriages were characterized with â€Å"unusual fidelity† (Zinn 161). Howard Zinn gave a great number of interesting and surprising examples of how married slave couples were devoted to each other and how they loved their children, so that even the separation from children could not destroy this affection. Mor eover, Zinn states that, â€Å"this family solidarity carried into the twentieth century† (162). All this is so unlike what we have today, as families being sacred social institutions more and more often lose their true meaning and value and we can see that more and more couples nowadays face conflicts and lack of loyalty or even get divorced.I have also learnt much about the social classes within the United States and it was new for me to learn that different classes have not only different educational opportunities, but also different attitudes to studying. In fact, it appears that children from low-income families tend to achieve more success in educational sphere than those coming from well-to-do families. Loewen states that â€Å"teachers are often surprised and even distressed when poor children excel† (198). Personally I think that in modern days more and more teachers stand for the equality of opportunities and quality of education disregarding the social class a child belongs to. Reading of Loewen’s study made me think that the poorer a child is the more he or she relies only on his or her own efforts in order to succeed in the future and that is why poor children try to achieve the best possible results in education so as to get a good job and become a more or less qualified worker.To conclude, all of the readings I studied during the semester were of much value to me. And although Loewen states that, â€Å"history is the only field in which the more courses [high school] students take, the stupider they become† (2), I consider that the history course I went through enriched my knowledge of history and other related issues with much valuable and simply interesting information.

How to Write a Coursework in Nutrition †a Detailed Guide for Struggling Students

How to Write a Coursework in Nutrition – a Detailed Guide for Struggling Students A coursework is any written project a student should complete over the course of a term – it can be an essay, a research paper or some other type of written assignment. The main purpose of this type of work is to evaluate and train the student’s ability to work and research independently. Therefore, even if a coursework is not very large, many students find this type of work distressing, not being used to defining the direction of their research on their own. However, not to worry – you will find all the instructions to guide you through this job in this manual. How to Choose a Good and Interesting Topic for Your Coursework in Nutrition As the goal of a coursework is to assess your independent research skills, usually you have to choose the topic of your assignment on your own – of course, within the scope of your current course. However, you still have to discuss and settle the topic and title with your tutor. 1. Brainstorm If you do not have a ready topic handy, brainstorming with mind mapping can help. You can either do it on paper or use one of many mind-mapping tools available online. Simply write down the general outline of your study field in the middle of a sheet of paper (e.g., ‘Abdominal Obesity’) and start drafting ideas that come to your mind all around it. It is important not to think whether these ideas are good or bad at this point – just churn out as many of them as possible. Try thinking about at least a couple dozen ideas – chances are, the best will come by the end of this exercise. 2. Pick Ideas That Suit You Most of the ideas you have created this way will be useless or irrelevant, but you will certainly find a few workable ones. Set them aside and try to decide which of them interest you the most or which you will be able to cover without too much effort. Perhaps you have already done research related to some of them, and can build on it. Narrow down the list of potential ideas to 2-3, depending on how much time you have. 3. Review the Literature Find as many sources of information related to each idea as possible and try to estimate how much data there is on each of them. Will it be enough for the research of your size? You can get lists of useful literature from your supervisor, in a library (do not just study the index, ask a librarian!) or in an online academic database/search engine. AGRIS and FSTA deal directly with this area of knowledge, plus you can find something useful on multidisciplinary resources like Google Scholar and EBSCO. Compile a list of keywords related to your ideas and run a few searches. After you gather some sources, look through them, pick the ones that are the most relevant for your research and look through their bibliography sections – there may be other helpful sources. If you can single out reliable authorities on the subject (people with many publications that are referred to by other specialists in the field), check out their other works. 4. Identify Gaps in the Knowledge It is likely that at this point you can single out a few topics that are underrepresented in the existing research. If they suit you, look into them and see if you can settle on one of them as a topic for your coursework. 5. See if This Topic Already Appears Somewhere The fact that you haven’t seen research on this subject does not mean there is none at all. Make a concerted effort to find any papers, publications, books, articles or any other works dedicated to the topic you have chosen or similar ones. If you cannot find anything identical to what you want to propose, feel free to discuss it with your supervisor – he/she will tell you what to do next and how to modify the topic to better suit the requirements of the assignment. Finally, you should come up with a suitable title that clearly indicates what you write about and limits the area of research. For example: Risks of Fad Diets: What Connection Do They Have with Legitimate Nutrition Science; Binge Eating and Fasting: How Human Body Responds to Irregular Eating Patterns; Understanding and Treating the Causes and Effects of Anorexia Nervosa; Connections and Relations between Self-Harm Behavior and Bulimia Nervosa; Role of Proper Nutrition in the Development of Immunity. Working with Sources for Your Coursework in Nutrition – Do’s and Don’ts Just like with any other research assignment, 60% of your time will be dedicated to research and work with information sources, 30% to writing, and 10% to revision. So do not underestimate the importance of this phase – if you do not get it right, it does not matter how perfect the rest of your paper is. Differentiate sources by quality. Some are more reliable – e.g., publications from peer-reviewed journals referred to by multiple other specialists in the field, books by authorities in nutrition, etc. Some are less reliable – newspaper articles, websites, books by authors without academic knowledge in the subject. It does not mean that they cannot contain useful information – you simply should pay more attention to verifying them; Keep an eye out for the author’s bias. Before you use information from any source, run a background check, and be critical of it while you read it: Does the author use words and expressions with emotional or evaluative connotations? Does the author’s background suggest that he/she has reasons to be biased (e.g., connected to fast food industry)? Who financed the research? If in one of your sources you find a quotation that would help you prove your point, you have to do one of the two things. Either introduce it â€Å"as cited in† the source you found it or find that source, read it and then quote it directly. Never quote such sources as if you read them yourself – it is a very poor academic practice. If you are discovered (and you probably will be), it will greatly harm your credibility. Differentiate between primary, secondary and tertiary documents. Primary documents refer directly to the event or object of research. They can be, for example, research reports composed by those who carried out an experiment. Secondary documents are works by people who are not related to what they write about. It may be, for example, an analysis of an experiment carried out by other scientists, interpretations of primary sources, etc. o Tertiary documents are indexes, bibliographies, databases and other categorized collections of data. They direct you to other sources of useful information on a particular subject. Stick to the most recent sources on each subject. In an area like nutrition, theories come and go quickly, and general consensus can dramatically shift over the course of a few years, so older sources quickly become irrelevant; Among all other sources, prefer articles by authorities on the subject published in well-respected peer-reviewed magazines or by well-known universities. Even if the article itself does not add much to your argument, its provenance will add weight to your research; Although peer-reviewed articles should constitute the bulk of your sources, do not fixate on them: use sources of different types, including the less valuable ones (e.g., mass media publications). This will help you make your research more well-rounded. Writing a Coursework in Nutrition – General Recommendations and Principles When writing an academic work about nutrition, how you write is just as important as the contents of your work. The structure of your paper may differ depending on the task – a coursework may have any form, from a slightly longer than normal essay to a full-fledged research paper. You will receive guidelines related to the structure from your supervisor, so read and follow them carefully. Whatever the structure is, there are a few principles you should follow: Do not go out of your way to persuade the reader. You are writing a scientific work, not a marketing pamphlet. Your coursework exists in the context of all the other research in the field, and the best you can hope for is to find data that supports your thesis statement. You cannot be sure new information won’t emerge later on to disprove you; Do not use emphatic language. Words like ‘perfect’, ‘awful’, ‘ridiculous’ are out of place in a scientific article and do nothing to prove your point. You should rely on objective evidence, not persuasion tactics; Be short. Drive your point home using as few words and sentences as possible. Academic writing is valued for its ability to express an idea without taking unnecessary space. However, do not bother about it too much while you write – there will be time for that during the revision; Treat your readers as intelligent people who have general knowledge of nutrition but are not necessarily well-versed in the specific area you cover in your coursework. For example, you don’t have to explain the basic terminology, but if you mention LCHF (low-carb, high-fat), you should go into some detail explaining its main principles; For the purpose of clarity, make a paragraph a definite unit of meaning – introduce but a single point per paragraph and spend the rest of it providing supporting details for this point. If you find yourself drifting to another matter within the same paragraph, detach it and form a separate paragraph; Do not cite the sources you have not read. In your research, you will encounter sources that cite still other sources, and these quotations sometimes fit well in the discourse of your study. Some students simply quote them as if they read the publications these quotations come from. However, according to the academic rules, you should only introduce them with â€Å"as cited in†. So either do this or find and read them before using. Revisions: Preparing Your Nutrition Coursework for Submission Many students get so tired of and frustrated with their coursework assignments that they happily submit them immediately after finishing. It is a mistake – revision is just as important a phase as writing itself, and spending a couple hours polishing your paper can noticeably influence your grade. Here are some suggestions on how you can do it more effectively: Set your paper aside for at least a day or two. Thus you will be better capable of noticing your own mistakes; If you know that you typically make certain mistakes (of any kind – grammatical, orthographical, stylistic, etc.), create a checklist of them. Use it while you reread your coursework to pay attention to these problems. For example, if you commonly make mistakes in agreement between verb and person in complex sentences, note it down and dedicate a separate reread to finding this particular error; Ask a friend (or, better yet, hire a professional proofreader) to read your coursework and indicate any shortcomings he/she finds; Dedicate a special reread to eliminating redundant elements (words, sentences and even fragments of text), especially if you know that you are prone to wordiness. If you can do without an element, eliminate it. Pay attention to: Unnecessary nouns (‘period of time’ instead of ‘period’, ‘process of digestion’ instead of ‘digestion’, etc.); Unnecessary verbs (usually ‘to be’, ‘to do’, ‘to have’ and some others in combination with nouns: ‘to make analysis’ instead of ‘to analyze’, ‘to have a suggestion’ instead of ‘to suggest’, etc.); Prepositions (‘to’, ‘with’, ‘from’, etc. Try using them less often); Weak modifiers (words added to boost word count that add nothing to the meaning: ‘quite’, ‘considerable’, ‘somewhat’, ‘usually’, etc.) Check your coursework for clarity and logic. Imagine yourself reading it for the first time and ask yourself: Do you understand everything? Are all parts connected to each other logically? Are there any ambiguities? Are there any logical leaps (noticeable gaps in reasoning and argumentation)? Read the coursework aloud – it may not be obvious on paper, but if something sounds wrong, it is a good idea to change or replace it; Study the style guide carefully and check your coursework for consistency with it. We hope that this guide answered any questions you might have had. Follow it, and your next coursework will not cause you any trouble!

All About Escape Literature

All About Escape Literature As the name suggests, so-called escape literature is written for entertainment, and to let the reader become totally immersed in a fantasy or alternate reality. Much of this kind of literature falls into the guilty pleasure category (think romance novels). But there is a wide variety of different literary genres that could be labeled as escapist: science fiction, westerns, magical realism, even historical fiction. Its worth noting that just because something can be categorized as escape literature doesnt necessarily mean it doesnt have higher literary value. Why Escape Literature Is Popular Its not difficult to understand why escape literature, in all its formats, is well-liked. Being able to immerse oneself in a fictional reality, where troubles and problems are easily recognized and solved, is a comfort provided by movies, books and other forms of entertainment. Truly good works of escape literature create a believable alternate universe, whose inhabitants struggle with dilemmas that the reader might encounter. Its a crafty way to explore moral and ethical themes within an entertaining framework. Examples of Escape Literature The most compelling escapist literature includes works that describe characters in an entirely new, fictional universe. J.R.R. Tolkiens  The Lord of the Rings trilogy is an example of a canonical literature series, complete with its own history and completely made-up languages, that follows elves, dwarves and humans through a mythical quest to save their world. In the series, Tolkien  explores the themes of right versus wrong and how small acts of bravery can be significant. He also pursued his fascination with linguistics by developing new languages such as Elvish for the majestic elves in the stories. Of course, there are plenty of examples of escape literature that are little more than pop culture entertainment. And thats fine too, just as long as students of the genre can differentiate between the two. When Escapism Is Just Entertainment The Twilight series by Stephenie Meyer, which grew into a massive movie franchise with a cult following is a good example of lowbrow escapist literature. Its themes of love and romance between a vampire and a human (who happens to be friends with a werewolf) is a thinly-veiled religious allegory, but not exactly a canonical work. Still, the appeal of Twilight  is undeniable: the series was a top seller in both its book and movie forms.  is undeniable: the series was a top seller in both its book and movie forms. Another popular fantasy series often compared with the Twilight books, is theHarry Potter series by J.K. Rowling (although the quality of the latter is generally considered superior). While some may argue that Harry Potter is an example of interpretive literature, which compels a deeper exploration of the real world through literary themes, its themes of magical workings in a school for wizards offers an escape from reality. Difference Between Escapist and Interpretive Literature Escape literature is frequently discussed alongside interpretive literature, and at times the line between the two genres becomes a little blurry. Interpretive literature seeks to help readers understand deeper questions of life, death, hate, love, sorrow and other elements of human existence. While interpretive literature can be equally as entertaining as its cousin escape, in general, the goal is to bring readers closer to understanding reality. Escape literature wants to take us away from reality, immersing us in a whole new world (but often with the same old problems).

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 20

International Business - Essay Example A political union will lead to loss of sovereignty reducing the control that the countries have over key policies. NAFTA has enabled a tremendous increase in trade between member countries to over 400%. Exports and investment flows have increased highly (Aguilar, 2012). NAFTA has helped to build stronger political bonds between the countries leading to improved foreign policy (Benka, 2014). These include the Organization of American States, Latin American Integration Association, Andean Community of Nations and the Rio Group in South America. In Asia Pacific they include Asia Pacific Economic Integration, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, South Asian Association of Regional Integration and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (Lo, 2015). Economic blocs could create trade barriers and increased tariffs against non-member countries. Integration leads to a shift in work force leading to reduced economic growth in the native country. Integration also leads to partial loss of political sovereignty to member states. Regional integration leads to reduced trade with countries outside the economic bloc while increasing trade with members of the integration. This could lead to higher costs of importing or exporting goods in trade between member countries and non-member states. Regional integration has the effect of reducing foreign investment in non-member countries. Integration leads to trade diversion caused by higher taxes and tariffs for non-member countries that will pursue trade outside the bloc (CAC, 2008). Preferential Trade which incorporates reduced customs duties among members as compared to non-members. A Free Trade Area which abolishes tariffs and quotas on trade among members but each member state retains control over their economic policy. A Customs Union incorporates free trade policies and a common customs tariff against non-members. Members have to pass common external tariff legislations. A Common Market permits free

Medical Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Medical Report - Essay Example The cause of chronic pancreatitis includes cystic fibrosis, Hypercalcemia, hyperlipidemia or hypertriglyceridemia. Pancreas divisum which is a congenital anomaly is considered to cause pancreatitis. However, explanation as to how is not yet known. Signs and Symptoms for acute pancreatitis, present fever, nausea, and vomiting. On physical examination, abdominal pain and tenderness is evident. Symptoms of chronic pancreatitis may involve upper abdominal pain, indigestion, oily smelly stool, and weight loss. Diabetes may also develop thus insulin is given. On physical examination, the patient’s abdomen shows distension. Jaundice and dyspnea is also observed thus a stethoscope is used to assess irritation of the diaphragm. If palpation of the abdomen shows pain and a feeling of bloating, it suggests pancreatic pseudocyst which could be further confirmed with a CT scan. Laboratory tests to confirm diagnosis may include serum amylase and lipase. Techniques like therapeutic endoscopi c retrograde cholangiopancreatography( ERCP) and endoscopy are done to view organs involved. Prognosis is good if the cause is eliminated. However, for patients with complicated conditions can recover under intensive care. References P G Lankisch, P., Droge, M., & Gottesleben. F., (1995). Drug induced acute pancreatitis: incidence and severity, Gut. 37:565-567 Oreily, D.A., & Kingsnorth, A.N., (2001).

Britain At The Paris Peace Conference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Britain At The Paris Peace Conference - Essay Example The overall outcomes of the Conference have been usually labelled as failure, but such view is not fully correct. On the one hand, the treaties signed during the Paris negotiations did fail to secure peace in Europe in the long-term. On the other hand, the problems facing the negotiating parties at that difficult time were too complicated and often defied effective solutions1. However, the fact that some nations participating in the conference benefited more than others from the conditions of peace can hardly be put in question. Analysis of the key provisions negotiated during the Paris Peace Conference convincingly demonstrates that Britain was one of the participants whom managed to have their requirements satisfied to an acceptable extent. Although the common goal of the leaders involved in the Paris negotiations was apparently to restore peace and stability in Europe, the Conference immediately exposed serious disagreement between the Allies concerning how to threat Germany. The views were highly contradictory with the Big Three leaders balancing between the long-term political benefits of their countries, varying interests of their partners, and the public opinions of their nations. French Prime Minister Clemenceau perceived Germany as a potential threat to stability and peace in Europe, and a threat to security of his country. Therefore, France claimed that Germany was obliged to "cover the costs of restoration of invaded territories and repayment of war debts [and that] a long period of stiff repayments would have the added advantage of keeping Germany financially and economically weak"2. Such claim clearly demonstrated the reasonable fear of France that light penalties would result in rapid recovering and further strengthening of Germany. The Fourteen points of President Wilson reflected his highly idealist and pacifist views on the political developments in Europe: perhaps that is why Wilson failed to convince the Allies accept his moderate position on the economic obligations of Germany. On the other hand, Britain was extremely concerned with the revival and further development of international trade which constituted the cornerstone of the country's economic potency3. Lloyd George understood that Germany ruined by excessively hard economic claims of France and other Allies would seriously undermine marketability of British goods in the European market: "While the British government saw 66 million potential German customers, the French government trembled at the prospect of 66 million German soldiers and possible invaders."4. The British representatives also viewed Germany as a potential "barrier-fortress against the Russians"5 and reasonably considered that only country with healthy economy tied by strongly trade-b ased relationships could effectively fulfil such mission. Evidently, while none of the major players had his interests fully satisfied, the economic provisions of the Treaty of Versailles came closer to satisfying the requirements of British delegation. An exact monetary figure Germany was obliged to pay to the Allies never appeared in the Treaty, and despite the claims of Britain and Germany that the terms of reparations were still too harsh, the truth was "the Treaty of Versailles had left [Germany] largely intact, with a population almost double that of France, and

Motivational statement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Motivational statement - Research Paper Example My ultimate goal is to be an instrument of change to the development of sailors and hone them into future naval officers. The US Navy is one of the most prestigious institutions which can accord a multi disciplinary approach to the development of navy and marine corps. I am optimistic in learning various principles of leading and motivating navy personnel to enable me to devise innovative methods which would be more effective in improving educational methodologies and instructions. I would like to be given the opportunity to share the theoretical and practical applications of the US Navy to a variety of navy and marine personnel. Inasmuch as the US Navy would accord me with the much needed skills to make me an efficient and effective instrument of knowledge; I, too, if given the opportunity, would like to relate an ample share of what I have learned to those under my future governance. It has always been my dream and long-term goal to position myself as a leading Navy officer to help others in confronting challenges in their future naval service. By being commissioned as a Navy officer, I would finally integrate my diverse leadership and motivational acumen to affiliated careers in marine endeavor. This would eventually fulfill my promise to return the generosity accorded by highly professional governmental service institutions like yours by unselfishly sharing the expertise I earned. Personally, I believe I have the innate skills, utmost dedication, exemplary mental abilities, highly disciplined, unquestionable integrity and pure conviction to delve into this field of endeavor. My previous educational and work experiences fuelled my desire to explore matters pertaining to naval service, human resources intricacies, navy and Marine Corps based participation and correspondences. A childhood dream. A good opportunity. A desired profession. A prestigious governmental service

Speech recognition Software Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Speech recognition Software - Research Proposal Example Facilities such as financial institutions in particular have strict rules on personnel clearance. The vaults and financial files and data are only accessible by authorized people. They have, therefore, set up measures to ensure that this security protocol is observed which include the use of security keys and feeding in passwords before accessing certain areas. The problem above is not a new finding, but an issue that is in every financial institution. This has seen innovators and designers come up with solutions that have not solved the problem substantially. There have been inventions such as the use of security cards that are assigned to the various personnel (Clark, 2002, p. 26). These cards are as special keys, where each has a feature that is intended to enable access to certain places to the personnel concerned. They only need someone to swipe the card in a barcode reader at the door and input a password before a door opens. However, the problem with security cards is that they can be stolen or get lost. Criminal or personnel gets his/ her hands on the card and has the knowledge of the password; a security breach can occur, and it may lead to lose of crucial data or even money.Therefore to reduce the risk of lapses in cases where these security cards end up in the wrong hands, putting that power in somebody’s voice is the onl y sure way. The voice of a person activating the opening and closing of a door can go a long way in preventing such breaches. This is because voice recognition does not require any password to be fed to the system and it a persons voice is unique to themselves. Voice recognition is a technology that involves the translation of spoken words into texts. It is an invention that has transformed the way people interacts with technology from simple gadgets like the smart phone to complicated sets as voice controlled military missiles and fighter planes (Clark, 2002, p.59). Voice recognition has offered solutions to many real life issues

Mytholgy discussion questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mytholgy discussion questions - Assignment Example However, few people understand its importance in life. The essence of myth in humans includes defining our existence for differentiating individuals from other species. They are created from collective imagination as metaphorical projections of the way things tend to be in life. Myths represent our experiences where they emerge and provide factual knowledge that can be used to understand human existence. It provides humans with the sense of creativity and artistry through developing ideas on selected concepts such as life and creation (Parker and Julie, 2006, 17). I believe the myth is an essential part of human life, and its presence is significant in helping human beings develop an understanding of their identity. Myths help in solving eternal questions such as the origin of existence. In addition, they are important since they provide guidance to all generations. As a result, individuals have better understanding of their lives by attaching to the myth developed. I believe mankind cannot fully understand why humans look to myths as an explanation to things that happen in the natural world. Tales include faith to something greater than our existence. Therefore, myths fill the gap in knowledge, and it’s the only chance of providing an explanation where no concept can expound the issues. Psychology cannot provide the required explanation since myths are deep rooted in humanity and exist in all

Speech recognition Software Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Speech recognition Software - Research Proposal Example Facilities such as financial institutions in particular have strict rules on personnel clearance. The vaults and financial files and data are only accessible by authorized people. They have, therefore, set up measures to ensure that this security protocol is observed which include the use of security keys and feeding in passwords before accessing certain areas. The problem above is not a new finding, but an issue that is in every financial institution. This has seen innovators and designers come up with solutions that have not solved the problem substantially. There have been inventions such as the use of security cards that are assigned to the various personnel (Clark, 2002, p. 26). These cards are as special keys, where each has a feature that is intended to enable access to certain places to the personnel concerned. They only need someone to swipe the card in a barcode reader at the door and input a password before a door opens. However, the problem with security cards is that they can be stolen or get lost. Criminal or personnel gets his/ her hands on the card and has the knowledge of the password; a security breach can occur, and it may lead to lose of crucial data or even money.Therefore to reduce the risk of lapses in cases where these security cards end up in the wrong hands, putting that power in somebody’s voice is the onl y sure way. The voice of a person activating the opening and closing of a door can go a long way in preventing such breaches. This is because voice recognition does not require any password to be fed to the system and it a persons voice is unique to themselves. Voice recognition is a technology that involves the translation of spoken words into texts. It is an invention that has transformed the way people interacts with technology from simple gadgets like the smart phone to complicated sets as voice controlled military missiles and fighter planes (Clark, 2002, p.59). Voice recognition has offered solutions to many real life issues

Communication strategy report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Communication strategy report - Essay Example So, this report will include the kinds of crisis situation the 7-Eleven might face, the consequences of those crises, the need and rationale to develop a crisis-communication plan, an overview of that plan and finally a projection of cost and benefits for 7-Eleven. 7-Eleven was established by the Ito-Yokado group, with its first 7-11 store set up at Koto-ku, Tokyo in 1974. Actually the predecessor for the current 7-Eleven company or stores is an American retail company called Southland Corporation. In 1972 itself, Ito-Yokado group approached the Southland Corporation for the franchise of opening 7-Eleven convenience stores in Japan. After initially rejection, Southland gave the licensing agreement and thus its first store was opened in 1974 in Tokyo. However, in course of time, the situation changed upside down, with Ito-Yokado group acquiring 70% stake in the Southland itself, and thus all the 7-Eleven stores and its franchise rights came to the Ito-Yokado group, which only transformed into Seven & I Holdings Co. in 2005. Now, 7-Eleven is the â€Å"world’s largest operator, franchisor and licensor of convenience stores†, with more than 40,000 stores all over the world, including approximately 7,600 stores in the U.S. and Canada. (â€Å"About Us†). Crisis situations are problems or challenges, which happen in an organizational setup, and which could damage the organizational operations, creates bad image in the minds of the customer, putting the organisation under media and government scrutiny. â€Å"Any situation that is threatening or could threaten to harm people or property, seriously interrupt business, damage reputation or negatively impact share value† (Bernstein). Although, organizations can face many challenges in their every day operations, most of them are controlled within the organization. Only the ones, which directly affects its customers, the common public and environment, or may be illegal in nature and

Of Mice and Men Assignment Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Assignment Essay Q. With reference to chapter four, what do you learn about prejudice and injustice in 1930s America? Of Mice and Men was set around the 1930s in California, America; where at the time of this classic novel was located. The New York Wall Street stock market had hit an all time low which led to and helped contribute to The Great Depression. Unemployment had hit and harsh poverty too had meant that migrant workers travelled to California in search of work. As the paragraph continues, we learn that the living conditions and working conditions were very poor. Workers couldnt do their jobs properly and were always worried about being canned as they say. Living conditions werent very good either; the ranches were very dirty, compact etc. I believe that Steinbeck wrote this novel because of his past experiences. He was a labourer, he worked very hard, the characters in this book can relate to Steinbeck himself, he wanted to express his views for everyone to see. Also, you can really tell that in Steinbecks opinion he is in favour of the workers in this novel. He being a labourer sways his views as in favour of the workers; you can tell he really thought The Great Depression was an awful experience to be involved in. When you see what his characters are saying, they reveal his feelings and thoughts, give good and bad memories, only inside a book. As we are in chapter four, we learn many things about some of the main characters. At the very beginning, we learn about the relationship of some of the characters with each other. The scene is set in Crooks room, many of the men have gone to the cathouse which is basically a whore house; most of the men have gone but Crooks, Lennie, Candy and Curleys wife have not gone. The most probable reason for this is due to the fact that Crooks, is a black stable buck and also an outsider, Lennie was told not to go by George, Candy is a very old man and Curleys wife is a woman. Even though Lennie doesnt really understand, he stumbles across Crooks room and decides to go in. Lennie really sets this chapter alight; he breaks off the divide between black and white and wants to make friends with Crooks: Lennie smiled helplessly in an attempt to make friends. Despite not knowing he is doing it, he is helping out a divide of people and bringing it together. He is such an interesting character but he wouldnt really know that he is so different to the other characters. Noiselessly Lennie appeared in the open doorway and stood there looking in no one else in the bunkhouse would have had the guts to enter Crookss room although Lennie didnt really know he wasnt supposed to. Lennie does quite the opposite to the others, which makes him so astonishing. A major part in this chapter shows how the other characters act when he is around. His actions and works influence others to bring back memories of their childhoods and really open up to him. kI was born right here in California. My old man had a chicken ranch is one example of Crooks opening up to Lennie as he would do to no other person. The characters relax more with Lennie in reflection of this chapter. One more interesting thing in this section of the book is the way Lennie is and is not affected by prejudice and injustice. At one part, he is affected by prejudice and injustice as he witnesses it happening and is picked on by others; Listen Nigger, you know what I can do to you if you open your trap? This shows prejudice and injustice around him towards Crooks. On the other hand, he is not affected by it as he has George to protect him from it and also doesnt really understand what it is. A vast part of prejudice and injustice in his book is the way Crooks is treated. Crooks is a middle aged black man who has had to work hard all of his life. Sadly, his role on the ranch is an unfortunate one. He is not allowed in the bunkhouse at all, or play games with the other members or be with them at certain times. He lives way out of the way of everyone else in a small room and spends most of his time there. This really shows how black men were treated in this period of time. Luckily, Crooks is not treated as badly as he could have been. He has an education and can read and write which can and also cannot help him at times. For instance, he can understand what others are saying about him, which is not very good. They dont like him because of the colour of his skin. Listen Nigger. This shows the colour of his skin being used against him by Curleys wife. As Lennie enters the room, Crooks does not really want him to come in, You got no right to come into my room. Soon after, they get into conversation and are soon talking normally after opening up to each other like friends would. When Candy enters, he tells him he might as well come in as everyone else is. Soon, he joins in conversation too. Not until Curleys wife enters though, do we see a change in Crooks. He doesnt have any power over anyone in the ranch and soon goes back into his shell. Women were not treated well either, of course, but Curleys wife could say or do whatever she wanted to a black man, including Crooks. You know what I can do to you if you open your trap? This shows Curleys wife overpowering Crooks and unfortunately Crooks cannot do anything about it. With Crooks being educated and able to read, he has set himself real goals. He has learned how to cope with the bullying and racism and knows what to do. By not setting his goals too high, he does not expect anything too good, therefore does not mean he is too sad about what happens to him through his lie. Another person who plays a part in giving and experiencing racism is Curleys wife. She has certain powers compared to other women yet is still treated badly like other women. We learn that with women along with black people, had less power and were discriminated badly; therefore this shows that Curleys wife situation was similar to most other women, they were not respected and were treated badly. The men do not really like her in reflection, the likes of George, Crooks etc. dont really warm to her at any time. Her reaction to this is to snap at Crooks in this particular part of the book, she cannot take her anger out at anyone as she does not really have the power to apart from Crooks, so she bullies Crooks in this part, Well, you keep your place then, Nigger. I can get you strung up on a tree so easy it aint even funny. Curleys wife enters Crooks room with auction, she asks a question to which she knows the answer to, so she can join them, Any you boys seen Curley? shows this. In this chapter, we have to feel a bit sorry for her. We see how lonely she is at this time and since she is not allowed to be with anyone else, she cannot help herself looking for companionship. The reason behind her being so bitter about her life is simple; nothing has ever really gone right for her. By marrying Curley it has not helped her at all and she really thought she would make it as a Hollywood star, however, this did not turn out to be the life that she wanted, Think Im gonna lead with his left twice and then bring in the ol right cross? This piece shows her loneliness and her trouble which leads on to when she is told she is not wanted by the guys, she tells of her sadness and also decides to take it out on Crooks to help herself, it shows a similarity with Crooks, deprived of her rights and very lonely. Finally, the last person in this chapter to experience injustice and prejudice is Candy. A very old man, he was a typical old man who was not well liked, lonely and had a poor time of living with a bad job too. Candy, like most old men back then had a big worry of being canned as he was not really needed. There was no pension schemes or benefits, he would have had no where to go and would have probably just died. I planted crops for dam near everybody in this state, but they wasnt my crops, and when I harvested them, it wasnt none of my harvest. This shows Candy has worked very hard but does not have much and is not appreciated. The dream to have a place with George and Lennie means so much to him as if it does not happen, he will be eventually canned and have nowhere to go, You god dam right were gonna do it. This shows passion for the dream ranch. In truth, Candy is very similar to the dog he had. He, like the was old, not wanted and not of much use. This is very significant as you can see how much he was appreciated by everyone; not at all. In conclusion, we learn so much about life in the 1930s in America. We have four different accounts of people being treated unfairly and having injustice upon them. Lennie, Crooks, Curleys wife and Crooks all experience racism in some way. Lennie is abused for being quite clumsy and slow as well as being big, Crooks was racially abused for being old and black, Curleys wife is not liked because she is a woman and Candy is abused for being an old man. As you can see, there is not ethnic minority groups that escaped being abused; 1930s America was a racist and prejudice place to be. The writer Steinbeck is really sending a strong message out to the readers here. He tries to tell us all about how life could be if you were in a minority group. He repeats certain phrases and words to show enthusiasm of how bad it really was. All of his characters have strong points of view towards one another and really act as if they were real people. Basically, John Steinbeck shows that racism and injustice were strong in the 1930s and whoever you were, you could not really avoid it. Steinbeck gets this message across very well to the readers, by showing the characters different attitudes towards each other; most of the time there were not very pleasant. Whether you were black or white, male, female, disabled or anything else, you had a very good chance of either giving or being racially abused in America in the 1930s.

Gravimetric Determination of Chloride | Lab Report

Gravimetric Determination of Chloride | Lab Report This experiment was done to determine the amount of chloride ions present in a known Sodium Chloride sample and an unknown sample by Argentometric method. Silver nitrate solution of 0.2 M was added slowly to the aqueous solution of 0.50 g test sample while continuously stirring and the chloride was precipitated as silver chloride. This precipitate was filtered, dried and weighed. Then the average percentage of chloride present in the known NaCl and the unknown sample was determined to be 65.40% and 24.98% respectively. Introduction of gravimetric determination of chloride The use of silver nitrate to form the precipitate of silver chloride and gravimetrically determine the amount of chloride present in the sample is one of the most common methods employed in lab. Any inorganic compound containing halogen can be made into aqueous solution and treated by silver nitrate to obtain the precipitates of silver halide. The reaction involved is as follows: Ag+  +  X−  (aq) → AgX (precipitate) where  X−  =  Cl−,  Br−, or  I−. In this lab, chloride salt was used as test sample. The salts (both known and unknown) were treated with silver nitrate to obtain white precipitates of silver chloride. The silver chloride was initially formed as colloidal solution. After subsequent heating, nucleation process was dominated by particle growth and the precipitates separated out as coagulated mass. During this procedure, the pH of the solution is kept slightly acidic by addition of Nitric acid. The acidic pH eliminates the interference by anions (like carbonate and sulphides) of weak acid (www.wikipedia.org). Otherwise, these anions can from sparingly soluble silver salt in neutral pH. Similarly, the silver nitrate is also added in a little excess to enhance the formation and diminish the solubility of silver chloride (Le Chateliers Principle). Moreover, the combined action of moderately high pH and slightly excess silver nitrate promotes the coagulation of the silver chloride precipitate by formation of dielectric layer (Skoog, 317-319). During the experiment, if the precipitate of silver chloride is exposed to light, it photo-decomposes to give elemental silver and chlorine gas. The elemental silver (violet color seen in precipitate) combines with other chloride ion to from silver chloride. However, due to the chloride that escaped as gas, the product is lost and that gives low yield (www.cooper.edu). Although, in practice, the amount of silver chloride nitrate that decomposed is negligible, it is better to avoid exposure to direct light. The photodecomposition formula is as follows: 2 AgCl (s)  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  2 Ag (s) + Cl2  (g) 3 C12  (aq) + 3 H2O (l) + 5 Ag+  (aq)  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  5 AgCl (s) + C1O3-(aq) + 6 H+(aq) Materials and Methods: Materials: Equipments Three 400 mL Beakers Three fritted funnels Heating plate Graduated cylinder Aluminum foil Analytical balance Hot oven Desiccators Chemicals Sodium Chloride (0.50 g) Unknown sample (0.50 g) Silver nitrate solution (0.2 M) Nitric acid (concentrated and 6 M) Ammonium Hydroxide or Ammonia in water (6 M) Distilled water Methods: Procedure Three 400 mL beakers and three fritted funnels were cleaned, dried and labeled properly. By using the analytical balance 0.50 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) salt was weighed and dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water in each beaker. Slowly, with continuous stirring, 0.2 M of silver nitrate was added to each beaker until the coagulation of silver chloride was observed. Then, 3 to 6 mL of 6 M of nitric acid was added to each beaker. The mixtures in the beakers were heated to digest the solution for ten minutes. Small volume of silver nitrate was added periodically while heating the beakers until the solution stopped becoming cloudy upon the addition of silver nitrate, confirming that the reaction was complete. The precipitate of each beaker was filtered through the pre-weighed fritted funnel. The precipitates were washed up to eight times with distilled water mixed with 0.5% of 6 M Nitric acid. (1 mL concentrated HNO3 in 200 mL distilled water). The funnels along with their contents were wrapped in the aluminum foil and placed in the oven at 120oC for ninety minutes. The funnels were taken out and placed in desiccators to cool to room temperature. The mass of the fritted funnels and their respective contents were determined by using analytical balance and subtracting the weight of fritted funnel from that of fritted funnel and its contents combined. All the above procedures were repeated fro the unknown sample. Cleaning fritted funnel Concentrated nitric acid was allowed to stand in each funnel for five minutes. Using a vacuum the acid was drawn out and disposed in proper waste container. Each crucible was rinsed with three portion of water. Then, 5 mL of 6 M ammonium hydroxide was added, and after five minutes it was drawn out through the filter. Each crucible was rinsed with six to eight portion distilled water. The crucibles were placed in oven at 110oC for about ninety minutes to dry them to constant weight. The funnels were taken out and cooled in the desiccators. The crucibles were weighed, three times each, to ensure they give constant mass. (If not, heating and drying wouldve been repeated.) Results: Sample weight = 0.050 g Gravimetric factor (GF)= Cl− formula weight/AgCl formula weight = 35.45/143.3214 = 0.2473 Percentage of Chloride = Wight of AgCl precipitate weighed (g) * G.F. * 100 Sample weight (g) Discussion of gravimetric determination of chloride: The percentage of Chloride in the known sodium chloride salt and the unknown sample was determined to be 65.40% and 24.977% respectively via gravimetric method. In theory, the percentage of chloride in sodium chloride salt is 60.66%. The variation in the percentage of chloride in the known sample may have been resulted by impurity in the sample or due to the random error during experiment. This experiment is the classical example of the precipitation reaction where the formation of dielectric layer of silver chloride stabilized by nitrate ions takes place. Upon the addition of silver nitrate in the aqueous solution of the salt, the formation of the silver chloride occurs as a colloid. Slightly excess silver nitrate is added and also nitric acid is added to raise the concentration of the nitrate ion in the solution for two reasons. The first reason is to prevent the solubility of the silver chloride precipitates that are formed as precipitate. The second reason is to enhance particle growth and the formation of the dielectric layer (Skoog, 317-319). The precipitates formed are formed as colloids. Since colloids are stable molecules, it is necessary to heat, stir and add more electrolyte (nitrate) to obtain particle growth by the process of adsorption. The colloid obtained is made of silver chloride as primary adsorption layer and nitrate ions make up the counter-ion layer to stabilize the system. Continued heating ruptures the counter ion layer and promotes stabilization by the nitrate ions produced by the addition of slightly excess silver nitrate and nitric acid (Skoog, 317-319). However, addition of too much silver nitrate is avoided to prevent the co-precipitation of the silver nitrate. Nitric acid is used in the reaction mixture as well as to wash the precipitates formed. Washing with nitric acid ensures that the precipitates will be preserved because washing with water may dissolve it (Lab Handout). The precipitate thus obtained was weighed to determine the percentage of chloride present in the starting sample. This process can be employed quantitatively to determine the purity of the sample. In many cases, precipitation reaction of silver halides is qualitatively used to identify whether the inorganic compound consists of halides. In this lab however, the silver nitrate was used to quantitatively determine the percentage of chloride present in the samples. The known sample of Sodium chloride seems to have impurity because it gave more percentage of chloride than theoretically expected. But, the identity of unknown sample was unknown and jus by analyzing the percentage of chloride ion nothing can be said about its identity.

The War on Terrorism Has Not Compromised Civil Liberties Essay

The War on Terrorism Has Not Compromised Civil Liberties In the wake of 9/11, the United States of America began to fight a war on terrorism.   Many in this country would say we actually started a war against ourselves.   One argument is the war on terrorism has begun to erode our civil liberties.   Have our civil liberties really been abused or have they been slightly altered by the Patriot Act to protect all Americans best interests?   To fully protect Americans from future terrorist attacks monitoring, the Foreign Terrorist Tracking Task Force, and the Patriot Act have been essential components. Many complain the war on terrorism has invaded their right to privacy.   People are worried their phone conversations and internet use are being monitored.   The truth is only those suspected of terrorists acts are being closely monitored by the government.   The fact is we need military tribunals, detention programs, monitoring of internet and phone activity and attorney-client conversations to protect all Americans from future terrorists attack (Ashcroft).   Any person being monitored by the government is told before hand.   For example; an inmate who's attorney-client conversation is being closely monitored know they are being overheard and can only be prosecuted for information pertaining to terrorism or future terrorist attacks.   According to John Ashcroft monitoring conversations is one of the many steps needed to fight terrorism. Immigrants fear deportation from the United States and feel their rights have been violated since 9/11.   Our government has instilled this fear by passing the Patriot Act.   "The Patriot Act flowed from a draft bill circulated by the Department of Justice in the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks" (Byr... ...e Senate Judiciary Committee.   He said to scare the American people into losing their liberties only aids the terrorists, "for they erode our national unity and diminish our resolve† (Davies). Works Cited * Ashcroft, John. "The War on Terrorism Has Not Eroded Civil Liberties."  Ã‚   Civil Liberties: Opposing Viewpoints.   Ed. Auriana Ojeda.   New York: Greenhaven Press, 2004. * Byrd, Robert C.   Losing America.   pgs: 45-49   New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2004.   * Davies, Frank.   "Civil Liberties: Ashcroft Defends U.S. antiterror tactics."   Detroit Free Press.   7 December 2001.   6 November 2004.   <http://www.freep.com/news/nw/ash7_20011207.htm>. * Hannity, Sean.   Let Freedom Ring.   pg: 133   New York: Regan Books, 2002.   * Hendrickson, David C., and Robert W. Tucker.   "The Sources of American Legitimacy."   Foreign Affairs.   New York: 2004.  

Managed Care CBA

In order to better understand the workings of managed care, it is important to understand its history as well as future trends. Please read the required background materials, and then answer the following questions in a 2 page paper: 1. What is managed care? 2. How and when did managed care begin? 3. How will consumer-driven health care impact healthcare delivery? The following resources will help you complete this assignment: Scandlen, G. (2005). Consumer-driven health care: Just a tweak or a revolution? Health Affairs, 24(6), 1554. Tufts Health Care Institute: Brief History of Managed Care http://www.tmci.org/downloads/BriefHist.pdf What is managed care? Managed care is a system of delivering healthcare in such a way that the costs of the service, quality and the utilization of the service is provided and handled by one healthcare organization, and under one roof.   Such an organization is known as the ‘Health Maintenance organization’ or the ‘HMO’.   The patients are provided health plans or health packages that cover their health needs.   According to the condition the patient suffers from, he/she could subscribe to a particular health plan. Managed care has continuously evolved as a system of deliverance of healthcare in the US.   The impact of such a system has not been understood clearly.   Such a system may consume a lot of resources or may be not organized in a proper manner.   Many patients may get under-treated or over-treated for their condition.   The system does not focus on the preventive aspects of medical care.   The physician would be providing his/her services in association with a healthcare team, consisting of professionals belonging to other fields. The patient work may be performed by the professionals belonging to other fields (G. Farfield. 1997).   United Health Group is one of the largest Managed care organizations in the US and was founded in the year 1977.   It provided health packages for its customers in the year 1979.   It began to get listed in the US Stock Markets since the year 1984.   The company began to acquire smaller companies and grow gradually.   The company is constantly adopting it policy to suit the changing needs of its customers in a very competitive market (United Health Group. 2006). How and when did managed care begin? Managed care began in the US in the 19th Century, and was aimed at meeting the healthcare needs of the masses.   At first, selected group of people organized healthcare packages with the physicians.   These included workers, laborers, rural dwellers, railroad workers, etc.   Their employers wanted to meet their healthcare needs and hence organized healthcare plans with local physicians and hospitals.   Societies were also involved in organizing such programs in cities. A nominal amount was paid by the employer to provide healthcare services to the employers for a certain period of time.   Dr. Shahid was one of the first physicians to initiate a healthcare plan for the farmers (in 1929). Dr. Ross and Dr. Loos provided medical care to the employees of LA Water and Power Department for a nominal amount (in 1929).   In some plans, the employers paid a part of the amount and the employees paid another part.   Henry Kaiser provided medical care services in return for a prepaid amount during the World War II time.   He began offering such services to the public, once the war ended. Slowly, the prepaid health service packages began to develop in managed care, and such organizations were known as ‘HMO’s’.   They offered comprehensive medical care services.   The members could select a customized healthcare package according to their healthcare needs.   The AMA initially objected to the development of the HMO’s.   It felt that soon medical care would become a business, and companies would be involved. The Supreme Court’s Decision in 1947 ensured that the AMA would not interfere in the development of the HMO’s.   During the 1960’s and the 1970’s, the politicians began to show greater amount of interest in Managed care.   President Nixon brought out a plan in 1971, to develop HMO’s.   The loans offered to HMO’s for development was increased.   During the 1980’s and the 1990’s, the HMO’s began to grow.   Now people utilize Managed Care to supplement Medical Insurance.   More than 600 HMO’s are present in the US and about 25 % of the population has a managed care package (TMCI. 1998). How will consumer-driven health care impact healthcare delivery? Consumer-driven healthcare may not just provide a mere modification to the present healthcare system.   The manner in which it could be impacted includes: – Providing more health information to the consumers so that an informed decision can be made and they can exercise greater control over their bodies. Cost-effective services. Provision of high-quality services. Providing tax-free benefits to the consumers. Encouragement of medical tourism. Removal of anticompetitive measures that exist in the healthcare delivery market. Use of modern technology and equipment (Greg Scandlen. 2005) References: G. Farfield, D. J. Hunter, D. Mechanic, Et al â€Å"Managed care: origins, principles, and evolution.† BMJ 314 (1997): 1823. http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/314/7097/1823 Greg Scandlen. â€Å"Consumer-Driven Health Care: Just A Tweak Or A Revolution?† Health Affairs 24.6 (2005): 1554-1558. Tufts Health Care Institute â€Å"Brief History of Managed Care.† TMCI (1998). http://www.tmci.org/downloads/BriefHist.pdf United Health Group â€Å"Principles of Ethics & Integrity Your Guide to Business Conduct.† United Health Group. 2006. United Health Group. 15 Apr. 2007 http://www.unitedhealthgroup.com/global/PrinciplesofEthicsandIntegrity.pdf            

Presentation on the Federal Parent plus Loans- Stanford University

The Federal plus program is a popular financing option for parents of dependant undergraduate students. The loans are borrowed in the parent’s own name. The details involved are: Loan amount: up to the full amount can be borrowed. The costs include tuition, room & board, allowance for books, personal expenses, and transport. Credit qualification: borrowers will need to meet a minimum requirement to be able to apply. For instance, a credit check is conducted. Parents who don’t qualify can borrow additional federal Stafford student loan funds. Interest rate: a fixed interest rate of 8.5% is charged if loans are borrowed after July 1st. Loan fees: 3% original fee and a federal default fee of up to 1% will be deducted from each disbursement of your loan. Disbursements: it will be done in thirds at the beginning of each academic quarter. Funds are disbursed directly to Stanford via Electronic funds Transfer and applied to your student’s University bill. A refund can be given if your disbursement exceeds the balance due. Repayment: done after 60 days of full disbursement. Repayment is 10 years. The plus loans are funded by private lenders like banks and credit unions. The federal government sets the limits on fees, interest rates and minimum deferment options. Lenders however offer more benefits beyond minimum government requirements. When re-applying, the same lender can be used. How to apply The following steps are followed: Go to the link https://www.nela.net/hosted/stan1.aspx to request for the loan. You can specify the amount you want to borrow. The link is easy to use. In 2-4 weeks, an email from Sallie Mae, the Company managing our online process will be received. The email will direct you to the website where you can specify you lender and complete your promissory note which, can be signed by electronic signature. If the email is not received, check for your promissory note on Stanford’s OpenNet page. For inquiries, you can call our loan processing agency, Northwest Education Loan Association (NELA), toll-free at (800) 979-4441. Be sure to identify yourself as a Stanford parent requesting a PLUS loan. REFERENCES Federal Parent PLUS Loans, http://www.stanford.edu/dept/finaid/loanprocessing/plus.html viewed on 3rd April 2008. Â   Â  

School Trying Character Education on For Size

The role of the school is changing today. The school now must realize its role in character development. â€Å"Schools must recognize that they cannot accomplish the academic aspect of their mission if they do not attend to the needs of the whole child, and that the pursuit of a narrow academic missions alone is simply no longer sufficient†. This sentence should be a wake up call to schools today. We as teachers must understand that it is now becoming our job to develop the character of the children we teach. The character development of the child is not as strong as it once was. There are so many problems that kids are facing now. Children are now engaging in high-risk behaviors. These behaviors include alcohol, drugs, tobacco use, and violence. Children are not being taught at home the destruction that these things cause. Researchers, practitioners, policy makers, and business leaders are the ones addressing this lack of a full range of development in today†s youth. They feel that character development is as important to effective schooling as reading, math, science, or social studies. The youth will become active members of family, school community, and society as a whole. This development of character will also help them to more willingly take part in their education. Several things should be taken into consideration when we think about teaching character development. First off, we as educators must first understand what are role is and what is the purpose of schools today. Also, we have to know the students we teach. Knowing a student's home life should give us a better understanding of the type of character development they get from home. Then we must understand what to teach to help develop their character. How do we teach is the next thing we must look at How can we make this meaningful for the students, in and out of school. We need to make sure our staff is ready to teach. Finally, we need to find out where to teach. These questions are a guide for setting up a character development program. Character education helps its participants have more productive lives. It teaches the ability to distinguish between right and wrong. Character education teaches self-discipline, responsible decision making, respect for others, and a lot more qualities that help people to have healthy relationships and productive lives. When implementing a character education program, you need to follow some basic steps. Talk to the community, law enforcement, and teachers to find out some of the more dangerous problems that effect that community. Give schools the opportunity to find funds to implement a program, from business or industry. Help schools to find a model of character development from which they can get ideas and have an avenue to get questions answered.

Case study analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case study analysis - Essay Example The APNPs are also expected to provide quality indicators that will assure the parents of the continued health of their children. They are however expected to act within a preset guideline that allows for structured assessment as required by the health regulators. It should also be noted that assessment is not a singular event that takes place when a child is brought in. instead, it is a continuous assessment process that dynamically changes in regard of the symptoms or results achieved with every assessment (American Academy of Paediatrics 2009:1233). It should be noted that an infant should be considered as sick unless it can be otherwise proven. This means that the APNP will have to get a good history of the illness and work on eliminating any possible illnesses until the most appropriate for the conditions observed after the assessments. As observed, child assessment is not a one-day affair. It is a continuous process that requires constant attention and keenness not to miss any cues or subtle signals that may pass unnoticed during initial testing (Barnes 2003:5). Thus, the report herein will look at the different attributes of the paediatric section and ways through which countries and researchers' advice on taking care of the children. To do this, the best method would be conducting an online search with the terms paediatric, emergency department, requirements and clinic being the key terms of reference. The search would be differentiated by how relevant the articles are on the topic of discussion. The results would then be used to provide an episodic care treatment for the sick Serena. Priorities At the moment, there are two important priorities that must take precedence in the case. First, a structured assessment is required. As noted above, the need for a continuous assessment is paramount with every step taken with deeper precaution. The dynamic nature of this assessment is also an integral part of the whole treatment regime (American Academy of Paedi atrics 2009:1233). Given the fact that particular signs and symptoms may not be as readily expressed as those of an adult or as an adult would express them, repeated observations and assessments require proper attention and vigilance to avoid a relapse or worsening of the present conditions. The paediatrics are supposed to ensure that that they have put all measures that point towards quality improvement by providing an avenue through which indicators of good outcomes, proper data collection and synthesis and clearly defined outcomes that provide evaluative measures of success to ensure quality is maintained in the ED (Barnes 2003:8-9). This also implies that paediatrics have to be flexible enough in their response to the different signs and symptoms that the child portrays after a given interval. This flexibility is also meant as an avenue through which the doctors consult on certain issues that may have arisen from their assessment and also eliminate other possibilities. The secon d priority is to have her admitted. Safety is one of the most important considerations when a child is involved. The fact that any release could lead to more fatal effects or worsening of the conditions already stated should be a pointer enough that there need to be a greater caution when dealing with infants. Unless the APNP is assured of the infant’s safety, Serena should remain in their custody till

Aspects of contract and negligence for business Assignment - 1

Aspects of contract and negligence for business - Assignment Example Chen-Wishart (2012), explains that the process of making and an offer and its acceptance follows the â€Å"mirror image† rule. This implies that the other party accepts the terms of the contract just as stipulated in the offer. Consideration is yet another element of a contract that refers to a substance of value the two parties promise to exchange in the course of the transaction. The consideration validates the existence of a contract. Also known as, the â€Å"meeting of the minds† mutuality refers to the consensus the two parties must have about the terms of the contract. Before creating a legally binding agreement, the two parties must understand and agree to the unique terms of the contract. The terms are vital aspects of a contract since they influence the entire process of undertaking the activity. The two parties must, therefore, understand the terms of the offer. At the acceptance stage, the second party promises to undertake the activity as stipulated in the terms. The offering party, on the other hand, promises not to change the original terms since the contract laws bar changing such terms unless the two parties agree to. This makes mutuality an important feature in contracts (Frey & Frey 2001). The terms that Joe and Dilon set for their contract have some aspects of ambiguity. As explained earlier, in the creation of a contract the terms must always follow the mirror image rule. The mirror image rule dictates that the offer and the acceptance must never vary the terms of the contract. In the case, Dilon’s terms dictate that Joe must sell the products at the original quoted price. After filling the form, which indicated his acceptance of the offer, Joe provides his terms in which he indicates that the prices may increase. Such is a bargain, and the terms of the contract between the two parties are ambiguous. Despite the ambiguity between Joe and Dilon, the two form a legally binding contract. Joe must make the running

Between the cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Between the cultures - Essay Example The city was strangely quiet. Nobody was in the streets and it seemed like everyone was dead. Since it was my first night in the city, I was wondering what kind of city it was. I forced my way back towards home with no bread, and ready to starve till the next morning. I was eighteen years old, and I had been accepted in Yazd University, in the city of Yazd in my country, Iran. I rented an apartment with three other friends of mine and we moved in only that day. It was the first time we had left our homes. All of us were inexperienced in the home affairs, and now we were in a new and strange city with weird people for studying. I had grown up in Tehran, which is the capital of Iran. It had a population of more than ten million people. Whenever you wanted, you could find a grocery store, a restaurant or anything else you wished. Many people immigrated from country sides to Tehran for business, studying and residence in the most developed city of Iran. Tehran was a multicultural city. E very Iranian enjoyed living in such a big city like Tehran. But at the age of eighteen, I moved four hundred miles far from Tehran, to the city of Yazd. It was a small city with religious and intolerant people. Most of the men in Yazd wore beard and women used black burka. People of Yazd had a traditional life which was very hard for me to adapt. The new environment, situations and differences between my hometown and Yazd caused the feeling that I was living between two different cultures. I always liked my hometown’s culture, but I was not interested in the culture of Yazd’s people. It was really annoying for me and the students from the other cities to be a part of the same. I was in a constant struggle between the two cultures, however it was hard to ignore and get rid of it. The next day after starving, I and my friends went to the university to start our new semester. The university was similarly a weird place like the city of Yazd and its inhabitants. The securit y freaks the fashion of every boy and girl at the entrance gate of the campus. They had banned jeans pants for the boys, and it was obligatory for girls to use black burka. Every physical and verbal contact between a boy and a girl was reported immediately to the student life office. Also in the classrooms, front seats belonged to boys and rear seats belonged to girls. The university had lots of rules for segregating boys and girls. They knew their rules according to the Islamic creed. They tried to unify students’ culture, which I felt disgusted about. Sometimes I thought Taliban moved in from Afghanistan to our university in Yazd. I and my friends had never seen such a university like that. We had never expected anything of this sort. On the way back home, we bought lots of food to keep in our cooler because we didn’t like to suffer due to hunger after eight o’clock when everything got closed. When we got home, we were still surprised and wondered about our fi rst day at the university. We started to talk and laugh about ridiculous rules of our university. After a while one of our friends, who had a late evening class arrived at the main the door of the apartment. Since the door bell was broken and he didn’t have the key, he called through his cell phone to us, and asked us to drop the key for him from the balcony. One of my friends went into the balcony and dropped the key for him and he came upstairs. As he walked into the apartment, we heard a very loud sound. Someone was knocking the main door of

Platos Theory of Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Platos Theory of Knowledge - Essay Example The theory rests in the myth that describes people chained within a cave. The only images they see are the shadows of objects and animals held in front of a fire that is behind them that reflects on the cave walls in front of them. That is all they had ever seen so that is what they believe to be real. One day a man escaped the cave and went outside. With the sun he saw what was real in the world and realized all he ever saw were just shadows. He went back to the men in the cave and told them all this. He told them that they too could see the outside if they broke free of their chains but they didn't believe him. The environment of the cave to Plato symbolizes the physical world of appearances. Escaping into the sun-filled world means the transition into the real world that is full and perfect. A world where things are not viewed only in a material sense. It is here that the whole of Plato's philosophy is summed up. Plato's theory of knowledge is devoted to definitions of science and knowledge. Developing the argument from the lower consciousness to the higher consciousness, in which perception, opinion, reasoning are closely examined. Cornford F.M in his interpretations "Plato's Theory of Knowledge", the phrase "degrees of reality" is found in many commentaries to describe the aforementioned hierarchy. Vlastos' "A Metaphysical Paradox" and "Degrees of Reality in Plato." Cornford describes this as "a distinct order of realities." Plato's ethical theory rests on the assumption that virtue is knowledge and can be taught, which has to be understood in terms of his theory of Forms. One of his famous arguments is that to "know the good is to do the good". Being the world of forms, which is the proper object of knowledge. Of interest to our discussion is his later work that features Socrates and his pupil theaetetus in a dialogue named after the latter. Theaetetus is introduced to us as a valiant and a hero of the battle of Corinth and of the dialogue. He is a disciple of Theodorus, a reputed geometrician, whose specialization is thus indicated to be the propaedeutic to philosophy. Theaetetus is introduced as wounded and also as having several similarities with Socrates, same contrast sharp mind and the unattractive features. Theodorus presents the younger man as courageous, intelligent and selfless. These qualities are seen as dialogue heats up.. Socrates is impressed by these credentials and invites theaetetus in a witty discussion on different issues. After overcoming the initial sense of wonder, he rises to the occasion, and begins to follow the flow of the discussion eventually he's able to comprehend the consequences of his own answers. The question about the "nature of knowledge" opens his mind and encourages him to think not only in a mathematical sense which he is used to but also in metaphysical sense. Eventually it dawns on him that "there are universal conceptions of being, likeness, sameness, number, which the mind contemplates in her." In the dialogues Plato devotes himself to coining definitions of knowledge, conception, science and the like but at the same time tearing down the same definitions in an attempt to invoke in the mind of the student a desperation that will cause critical thinking. In the first part when asked his opinion